Quiz - Chapter 3
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1.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.
Two thirds of the body’s water is intracellular.
B.
One fourth of the body’s fluid is extracellular.
C.
The two main extracellular compartments are interstitial and intracellular.
D.
Standard total body water is 40% of body weight.
2.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.
Potassium is the most abundant ECF ion.
B.
Sodium maintains the osmotic balance of the ICF space.
C.
Water moves freely across membranes.
D.
Aquaporins block water movement across the membrane.
3.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four most common causes of edema formation (increased filtration of fluid from capillaries and lymph into surrounding tissues)?
A.
Decreased hydrostatic pressure
B.
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
C.
Increased capillary membrane permeability
D.
Lymphatic obstruction
4.
Which of the following statements regarding water balance is TRUE?
A.
The kidneys and liver have a central role in maintaining sodium and water balance.
B.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the adrenal gland.
C.
Sodium is regulated by aldosterone released from the pituitary.
D.
Thirst is experienced when water loss is equal to approximately 2% of body weight.
5.
Which of the following statements regarding aldosterone is TRUE?
A.
It is a hormone that is secreted when sodium levels are depressed.
B.
It is a hormone that is secreted when potassium levels are depressed.
C.
Its action is to decrease the retention of sodium.
D.
Its action is to decrease the secretion of potassium.
6.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding water balance?
A.
Isotonic fluids cause increased cellular swelling.
B.
Hypertonic fluid causes increased cellular swelling.
C.
Hypotonic fluid causes cellular swelling.
D.
Hypernatremia causes cellular swelling.
7.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypernatremia (high sodium)?
A.
Excessive free water intake
B.
Inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution
C.
Oversecretion of aldosterone
D.
Cushing syndrome
8.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding hyperchloremia?
A.
Occurs with a deficit of sodium
B.
Occurs with an excess of bicarbonate
C.
Has specific symptoms such as thirst
D.
Treatment is to treat underlying disorder
9.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding hyponatremia?
A.
Inadequate sodium intake is a common cause of hyponatremia.
B.
It can occur with a decrease in total body water (TBW).
C.
It never occurs with burns, vomiting, or diarrhea.
D.
It is considered when sodium drops below 135 mEq/L.
10.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding potassium balance?
A.
Potassium is the major extracellular electrolyte.
B.
During acidosis, potassium shifts into the cell.
C.
Aldosterone is secreted when potassium is decreased.
D.
Insulin causes the movement of potassium into the cell.
11.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding hypokalemia?
A.
Hypokalemia occurs when the serum level is below 135 mEq/L.
B.
One cause of hypokalemia is diabetic ketoacidosis.
C.
Dietary causes of low potassium are common.
D.
Diuretics do not cause hypokalemia.
12.
Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?
A.
Carbohydrate metabolism is affected as a result of decreased insulin secretion.
B.
Renal function is impaired.
C.
Neuromuscular excitability is decreased.
D.
Skeletal muscle is affected with increased contractility.
13.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding hyperkalemia?
A.
Dietary excesses are common.
B.
It often occurs in acidosis.
C.
Increased renal secretion of potassium is a cause.
D.
Addison disease is a cause.
14.
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate treatment for hyperkalemia?
A.
Calcium gluconate
B.
Treating the contributing cause
C.
Administering glucagon
D.
Sodium bicarbonate
15.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding hypocalcemia?
A.
It occurs with serum concentration below 8.5 mg/dl.
B.
It occurs with increases of vitamin D.
C.
It occurs with increases in parathyroid hormone.
D.
Metabolic acidosis is a known cause.
16.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypercalcemia?
A.
Hypoparathyroidism
B.
Bone metastases with cervical cancer
C.
Sarcoidosis
D.
Bone metastases with prostate cancer
17.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding magnesium?
A.
Hypomagnesemia occurs with a concentration less than 2.5 mEq/L.
B.
It is a major extracellular cation.
C.
Thirty percent is stored in the muscle and bone.
D.
Symptoms of hypomagnesemia include weakness and depression.
18.
Which of the following has the lowest pH?
A.
Urine
B.
Gastric juices
C.
Arterial blood
D.
Pancreatic fluid
19.
Which of the following best describes acidemia?
A.
State in which the pH of arterial blood is greater than 7.45
B.
State in which the pH of arterial blood is less than 7.35
C.
Systemic decrease in hydrogen ion concentration
D.
Systemic increase in hydrogen ion concentration
20.
What is the anion gap for a person with an Na
+
140, K
+
4, Mg
++
2, HCO3
–
24, Cl 110, Ca
++
10?
A.
10
B.
8
C.
22
D.
30
Quiz - Chapter 3