HS-ESS1-1    Earth's Place in the Universe

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

HS-ESS1-1. Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the energy transfer mechanisms that allow energy from nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to reach Earth. Examples of evidence for the model include observations of the masses and lifetimes of other stars, as well as the ways that the sun’s radiation varies due to sudden solar flares (“space weather”), the 11-year sunspot cycle, and non-cyclic variations over centuries.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include details of the atomic and sub-atomic processes involved with the sun’s nuclear fusion.]
The performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices

Developing and Using Models

Modeling in 9–12 builds on K–8 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s).

Disciplinary Core Ideas

ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars

PS3.D: Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life

Crosscutting Concepts

Scale, Proportion, and Quantity

Connections to other DCIs in this grade-band:

HS.PS1.C ; HS.PS3.A

Articulation of DCIs across grade-bands:

MS.PS1.A ; MS.PS4.B ; MS.ESS1.A ; MS.ESS1.B ; MS.ESS2.A ; MS.ESS2.D

Common Core State Standards Connections:

ELA/Literacy -
RST.11-12.1Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. (HS-ESS1-1)
Mathematics -
MP.2Reason abstractly and quantitatively. (HS-ESS1-1)
MP.4Model with mathematics. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.1Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.2Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.3Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-SSE.A.1Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-CED.A.2Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-CED.A.4Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. (HS-ESS1-1)

HS-ESS1-1    Earth's Place in the Universe

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

HS-ESS1-1. Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the energy transfer mechanisms that allow energy from nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to reach Earth. Examples of evidence for the model include observations of the masses and lifetimes of other stars, as well as the ways that the sun’s radiation varies due to sudden solar flares (“space weather”), the 11-year sunspot cycle, and non-cyclic variations over centuries.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include details of the atomic and sub-atomic processes involved with the sun’s nuclear fusion.]
The performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices

Developing and Using Models

Modeling in 9–12 builds on K–8 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s).

Disciplinary Core Ideas

ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars

PS3.D: Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life

Crosscutting Concepts

Scale, Proportion, and Quantity

Connections to other DCIs in this grade-band:

HS.PS1.C ; HS.PS3.A

Articulation of DCIs across grade-bands:

MS.PS1.A ; MS.PS4.B ; MS.ESS1.A ; MS.ESS1.B ; MS.ESS2.A ; MS.ESS2.D

Common Core State Standards Connections:

ELA/Literacy -
RST.11-12.1Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. (HS-ESS1-1)
Mathematics -
MP.2Reason abstractly and quantitatively. (HS-ESS1-1)
MP.4Model with mathematics. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.1Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.2Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.3Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-SSE.A.1Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-CED.A.2Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-CED.A.4Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. (HS-ESS1-1)

HS-ESS1-1    Earth's Place in the Universe

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

HS-ESS1-1. Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to release energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the energy transfer mechanisms that allow energy from nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to reach Earth. Examples of evidence for the model include observations of the masses and lifetimes of other stars, as well as the ways that the sun’s radiation varies due to sudden solar flares (“space weather”), the 11-year sunspot cycle, and non-cyclic variations over centuries.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include details of the atomic and sub-atomic processes involved with the sun’s nuclear fusion.]
The performance expectation above was developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education:

Science and Engineering Practices

Developing and Using Models

Modeling in 9–12 builds on K–8 experiences and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed world(s).

Disciplinary Core Ideas

ESS1.A: The Universe and Its Stars

PS3.D: Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life

Crosscutting Concepts

Scale, Proportion, and Quantity

Connections to other DCIs in this grade-band:

HS.PS1.C ; HS.PS3.A

Articulation of DCIs across grade-bands:

MS.PS1.A ; MS.PS4.B ; MS.ESS1.A ; MS.ESS1.B ; MS.ESS2.A ; MS.ESS2.D

Common Core State Standards Connections:

ELA/Literacy -
RST.11-12.1Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account. (HS-ESS1-1)
Mathematics -
MP.2Reason abstractly and quantitatively. (HS-ESS1-1)
MP.4Model with mathematics. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.1Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.2Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSN-Q.A.3Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-SSE.A.1Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-CED.A.2Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. (HS-ESS1-1)
HSA-CED.A.4Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations. (HS-ESS1-1)

* The performance expectations marked with an asterisk integrate traditional science content with engineering through a Practice or Disciplinary Core Idea.

The section entitled “Disciplinary Core Ideas” is reproduced verbatim from A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Cross-Cutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Integrated and reprinted with permission from the National Academy of Sciences.

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