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behavioral school of psychology and learning dominant mid 20th century paradigm, Cognitivist and Constructivist as unscientific, unscientific because they deal with that that can not be, Behavioral Psychology view Cognitivist and Constructivist, Behavioral Psychology defined "Changes of observable behavior of learner made as a function of events in the environment." pg 16, Behavioral Psychology include Skinner, B.F. (1938, 1969, 1974), Behavioral Psychology include Thorndike, Edward (1913), Behavioral Psychology include Pavlov, Ivan (1927), Thorndike, Edward (1913) researched operant conditioning, Skinner, B.F. (1938, 1969, 1974) gave rise behavioral school of psychology and learning, Behavioral Psychology time frame Mid 20th century, operant conditioning use of punishment, operant conditioning use of rewards, punishment change behavior, repeated pairing a neutral stimulus with natural stimulus causes natural stimulus to elicit response. so learners learn behaviors by pairing human needs and responses for food, sleep, reproduction, etc, Pavlov, Ivan (1927) researched classical conditioning, rewards change behavior, they deal with that that can not be either measured, they deal with that that can not be either observed, classical conditioning defined repeated pairing a neutral stimulus with natural stimulus causes natural stimulus to elicit response.