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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: chp12, Digital Audio-the digital version of an analog audio signal. more terms Digitization-the process of converting an analog signal to digital form, Digital Circuits,NiUs, and DSU/CSUs summary Digital Circuits-leased from common carriers form the fundamental building blocks for long-distance computer networks., Digitization-the process of converting an analog signal to digital form required hardware Analog-to-Digital converter (A to D converter), it takes an analog signal as input,samples the signal regularly, and computes a number that gives the current level of the signal at the time of the sample., Local Loops which refer to the connection between the phone company Central Office and an individual subscriber's residence or place of business., inverse multiplexing has been developed to handle intermediate capacity circuits. ???? allows one to lease multiple T1 circuits between two points, and use them like a single higher-capacity circuit., Long-Distance and Local Loop Digital Technologies 12.14 Local Loops, Digital Audio-the digital version of an analog audio signal. interesting stuff?? Reseacher's found that reproducing a human voice required a system that reproduces frequencies up to 4000 Hz., Local Loops like Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN)-provides digitalized voice and data to subscribers over conventional local loop wiring., Digital Circuits,NiUs, and DSU/CSUs summary Network Interface Unit(NIU)-marks the boundary between facilities provided by the phone company and those provided by the subscriber., Intermediate capacity Digital Circuits ???? inverse multiplexing has been developed to handle intermediate capacity circuits., Local Loops like ADSL: is a local loop technology that is optimized for typical users who recieve much more information than they send., Reseacher's found that reproducing a human voice required a system that reproduces frequencies up to 4000 Hz. by Nyquist's Theorem which states that if a continuous signal is sampled at a rate greater than twice the highest significant frequency, the original signal can be reconstructed from the samples., Lower Capacity Circuits Time Division Multiplexing for the technology used to subdivide a T1 circuit, Long-Distance and Local Loop Digital Technologies 12.4 Digital Circuits,NiUs, and DSU/CSUs, Nyquist's Theorem which states that if a continuous signal is sampled at a rate greater than twice the highest significant frequency, the original signal can be reconstructed from the samples. the sampling scheme Pulse Code Modulation(PCM)-the standard for digital encoding of audio used in the telephone system.PCM sasmples a signal once every 125 mu seconds and converts each sample into an integer between 0 and 255, Long-Distance and Local Loop Digital Technologies 12.2 Digital Telephony, Digital Telephony ???? Digital Audio-the digital version of an analog audio signal., Long-Distance and Local Loop Digital Technologies 12.8 Intermediate capacity Digital Circuits, Long-Distance and Local Loop Digital Technologies 12,7 Lower Capacity Circuits, Digital Circuits,NiUs, and DSU/CSUs summary DSU/CSU-translates between the digital representation used by phone companies and the digital representation used by the computer industry.