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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: ch3 netw netw, internetworking pc's and local networks are linked to the internet or intranets by modems, wireless and DSL connections. a internetwork must consist of many subnets. which are tunnelling: bridges and routers transmit internetwork packets over a variety of underlying networks by translating between their network layer protocols and an internetwork protocol. a pair of nodes connected to separate networks of the same type can communicate through another type of network by constructing a protocol tunnel. a protocol tunnel is a software layer that transmits packets through an alien network environment, internetworking pc's and local networks are linked to the internet or intranets by modems, wireless and DSL connections. a internetwork must consist of many subnets. which are bridges: link networks of different types, some link several networks called bridge/routers, Network Principles include Packet transmission In order to send many messages across a network, individual messages can be broken into smaller chunks, called packets. Packets usually have a maximum size, to allow nodes in the network to reserve enough memory buffer space to ensure that the message can be received, to allow sharing of the network, and to improve reliability and fault detection., protocols In order to accomplish communications, networks need standard rules to define what is to be done and how to do it. These rules are formally specified in documents called protocols. A protocol must be specific enough that two nodes, technologies, systems or other parties can communicate without any difficulty. consist of packet delivery There are two ways that packets can be delivered to their destination Datagram packet delivery which is like a one shoot process Virtual circuit (or stream) packet delivery which includes indentifying route of source to destination, possibly passing through intermediate nodes, Switching schemes: a network consists of a set of nodes connected together by circuits. to transmit between two arbitrary nodes, a switching system is required. Messages are broken into packets, sending a packet from one message, then another packet from the same or a different message. Messages can be reassembled from packets at their destination. include packet switching: store and forward network, each packet arriving at a switching node, is stored into its memory by a program and then gets sent out on anoutgoing circuit that will transfer it to another node closer to the final destination, like the post office, internetworking pc's and local networks are linked to the internet or intranets by modems, wireless and DSL connections. a internetwork must consist of many subnets. which are hubs: is a simple way of connecting hosts and extending segments of ethernet, internetworking pc's and local networks are linked to the internet or intranets by modems, wireless and DSL connections. a internetwork must consist of many subnets. which are routers: is required in all networks except those hosts directly linked with ethernet., protocols In order to accomplish communications, networks need standard rules to define what is to be done and how to do it. These rules are formally specified in documents called protocols. A protocol must be specific enough that two nodes, technologies, systems or other parties can communicate without any difficulty. consist of ports transport layer has to relay messages between network ports. which are software defined destination points at a host computer, Switching schemes: a network consists of a set of nodes connected together by circuits. to transmit between two arbitrary nodes, a switching system is required. Messages are broken into packets, sending a packet from one message, then another packet from the same or a different message. Messages can be reassembled from packets at their destination. include circuit switching: like a plain old telephone system, connecting by an automatic switch that leads to destination, Network Principles include internetworking pc's and local networks are linked to the internet or intranets by modems, wireless and DSL connections. a internetwork must consist of many subnets., protocols In order to accomplish communications, networks need standard rules to define what is to be done and how to do it. These rules are formally specified in documents called protocols. A protocol must be specific enough that two nodes, technologies, systems or other parties can communicate without any difficulty. consist of protocol suites osi layers split in two: internetwork layers: application, transport, internetwork underlying network protocol: network interface, underlying network, Network Principles include Switching schemes: a network consists of a set of nodes connected together by circuits. to transmit between two arbitrary nodes, a switching system is required. Messages are broken into packets, sending a packet from one message, then another packet from the same or a different message. Messages can be reassembled from packets at their destination., Network Principles include routing is required in all networks execpt LAN's with ethernet that provide that provide direct connection with hosts. routing has: a simple routing algorithm which is calculating the cost by simply calculating the vector distance, or number of hops to the given destination., Network Principles include protocols In order to accomplish communications, networks need standard rules to define what is to be done and how to do it. These rules are formally specified in documents called protocols. A protocol must be specific enough that two nodes, technologies, systems or other parties can communicate without any difficulty., internetworking pc's and local networks are linked to the internet or intranets by modems, wireless and DSL connections. a internetwork must consist of many subnets. which are switches: perform a similar function to routers, but for local networks only, they interconnect many separate ethernets, routing the incoming packets to correct outgoing network., protocols In order to accomplish communications, networks need standard rules to define what is to be done and how to do it. These rules are formally specified in documents called protocols. A protocol must be specific enough that two nodes, technologies, systems or other parties can communicate without any difficulty. consist of packet assembly the task of dividing messages into packets before transmission and reassembling them at the recieving computer is usually performed by the transport layer, Switching schemes: a network consists of a set of nodes connected together by circuits. to transmit between two arbitrary nodes, a switching system is required. Messages are broken into packets, sending a packet from one message, then another packet from the same or a different message. Messages can be reassembled from packets at their destination. include broadcast: is a transmission technique taht involves no switching, everything is transmitted to every node, Network Principles include Data streaming the streaming of audio and video requires much higher bandwidths than most other forms of communication in networks. time delivery of such data streams depends upon the availability of connections with guaranteed quality of service: bandwidth, latency & reliability, Network Principles include congestion control traffic on communication links and switching nodes. informing nodes along a route that congestion has occured, and their rate of packet transmission should therefore be reduced, this allows buffering of incoming packets for a longer period., Switching schemes: a network consists of a set of nodes connected together by circuits. to transmit between two arbitrary nodes, a switching system is required. Messages are broken into packets, sending a packet from one message, then another packet from the same or a different message. Messages can be reassembled from packets at their destination. include frame delay: in a store and forward network, overcome delay issues by sending small packets ont he fly, frames as a whole are not stored at nodes but pass through them as a stream of bits, like ATM networks