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Immune Cell Overview, Monocyte ???? Macrophage- -diff'ate continuously upon migration to tissues -abundant in CT, submucosa, lung, liver (Kupffer), spleen 1st responders b/c in tissue -then more come after PMNs activated by C5a, Lab Tests for Acute Inflammation: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate- ESR-autoimmune, inf, or neoplastic -higher b/c more fibrinogen in illness -non-specific but sensitive expected: males age/2 or (FM age +10)/2 Elevated WBC with left shift-more immature PMNs Serum Protein Electrophoresis- w/ elevated alpha-1, a-2 fractions-acute phase reactants Acute Phase reactants -causes feeling of sickness -depend only on TNF-a, IL1, IL2 -broad specificity Fibrinogen- ->clotting, Granulocyte ???? Monocyte, Pluripotent Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Common Lymphoid Progenitor Natural Killer-innate immune -not antigen-specific,circ in blood -peak at 3 days activating & inhib receptors activ-receptors for IFN-a, b, IL-12 -release granzymes/perforin ->kill stimulating cell -also have Ig receptor ->AB-dependent cell. cytotoxicity (ADCC) -IL-12+TNF-a->release IFN-g, Pluripotent Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Common Myeloid Progenitor Eosinophils- against parasitic infections, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a-> (endogenous pyrogens) Liver-acute phase prots -C-reactive, MBL ->complement activation ->opsonization Bone Marrow, endothelium -neutrophil mobilization ->phagocytosis Hypothalamus->inc. temp. Fat, mm.->protein, energy mobilization ->allow inc. body temp Inc. temp ->dec. path. replication ->inc. antigen processing ->inc. spec. immune response Dendritic cells (TNF-a)-migration to nodes -maturation->initiate adaptive response Acute Phase reactants -causes feeling of sickness -depend only on TNF-a, IL1, IL2 -broad specificity Surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-D -collectins-globular lectin domains w/ collagen-like stalk -w/ macs in lung to eat resp. pathogens, Lab Tests for Acute Inflammation: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate- ESR-autoimmune, inf, or neoplastic -higher b/c more fibrinogen in illness -non-specific but sensitive expected: males age/2 or (FM age +10)/2 Elevated WBC with left shift-more immature PMNs Serum Protein Electrophoresis- w/ elevated alpha-1, a-2 fractions-acute phase reactants Acute Phase reactants -causes feeling of sickness -depend only on TNF-a, IL1, IL2 -broad specificity C-reactive protein -may increase 1000x in inflamm -non-specific -use to assess cardiac risk, appendicitis -binds to bac, fungal LPS cell walls-opsonin -OR can opsonize via activation of C1q, T Cells- -mature in thymus -in node: paracortical areas Helper T Cells CD4 Activate B cells, macrophages, Lab Tests for Acute Inflammation: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate- ESR-autoimmune, inf, or neoplastic -higher b/c more fibrinogen in illness -non-specific but sensitive expected: males age/2 or (FM age +10)/2 Elevated WBC with left shift-more immature PMNs Serum Protein Electrophoresis- w/ elevated alpha-1, a-2 fractions-acute phase reactants Acute Phase reactants -causes feeling of sickness -depend only on TNF-a, IL1, IL2 -broad specificity Mannose Binding Lectin -opsonin for monocyte -a collectin -activate complement, Pluripotent Hematopoeitic Stem Cell Common Myeloid Progenitor Granulocyte