gram·mar
(gr m  r)
n.
1.
a. The study of how words and their
component parts combine to form sentences.
b. The study of structural relationships
in language or in a language, sometimes including pronunciation,
meaning, and linguistic history. 2.
a. The system of inflections, syntax, and
word formation of a language.
b. The system of rules implicit in a
language, viewed as a mechanism for generating all sentences
possible in that language. 3.
a. A normative or prescriptive set of
rules setting forth the current standard of usage for pedagogical or
reference purposes.
b. Writing or speech judged with regard
to such a set of rules. 4. A book containing the morphologic,
syntactic, and semantic rules for a specific language.
5.
a. The basic principles of an area of
knowledge: the grammar of
music.
b. A book dealing with such
principles. [Middle English gramere, from Old French
gramaire, alteration of Latin grammatica, from
Greek grammatik  , from feminine of
grammatikos, of letters, from gramma,
grammat-, letter; see gerbh- in Indo-European
roots.] |
grammar [ˈgræmə]
n
1. (Linguistics / Grammar) the branch of
linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology, sometimes also
phonology and semantics
2. (Linguistics / Grammar) the abstract system
of rules in terms of which a person's mastery of his native language can
be explained
3. (Linguistics / Grammar) a systematic
description of the grammatical facts of a language
4. (Linguistics / Grammar) a book containing an
account of the grammatical facts of a language or recommendations as to
rules for the proper use of a language
5. (Linguistics / Grammar)
a. the use of language with regard to its
correctness or social propriety, esp in syntax the teacher told him to watch his grammar
b. (as modifier) a grammar book
6. the elementary principles of a science or art
the grammar of drawing
[from Old French gramaire, from Latin
grammatica, from Greek grammatikē (tekhnē) the
grammatical (art), from grammatikos concerning letters, from
gramma letter]
grammarless adj
Grammar
See also language; linguistics
the aspect of grammar that deals with inflections and
word order.
1. an ambiguity of language.
2. a word, phrase, or sentence that can be interpreted variously because of uncertainty of grammatical construction rather than ambiguity of the words used, as “John met his father when he was sick.” Also amphibologism, amphiboly. — amphibological, amphibolous, adj.
2. a word, phrase, or sentence that can be interpreted variously because of uncertainty of grammatical construction rather than ambiguity of the words used, as “John met his father when he was sick.” Also amphibologism, amphiboly. — amphibological, amphibolous, adj.
a lack of grammatical sequence or coherence, as “He
ate cereal, fruit, and went to the store.” Also anacoluthia. —
anacoluthic, adj.
a repetition of words to resume the sense after a
long parenthetical digression. See also rhetoric
and rhetorical devices.
the substitution of one grammatical case for another,
e.g., use of the nominative where the vocative would normally occur. —
antiptotic, adj.
the clause that expresses the consequence in a
conditional sentence. Cf. protasis.
Medicine. a neurological defect resulting in
an inability to use words in grammatical sequence.
1. the study of the principles by which a
language or languages function in producing meaningful units of
expression.
2. knowledge of the preferred forms of expression and usage in language. See also linguistics. — grammarian, n. — grammatical, adj.
2. knowledge of the preferred forms of expression and usage in language. See also linguistics. — grammarian, n. — grammatical, adj.
1. Rare. the principles of the study of
grammar followed by a grammarian.
2. excessive emphasis upon the fine points of grammar and usage, especially as a shibboleth; dedication to the doctrine of correctness; grammatism.
2. excessive emphasis upon the fine points of grammar and usage, especially as a shibboleth; dedication to the doctrine of correctness; grammatism.
a principle or a point of grammar.
excessively pedantic behavior about grammatical
standards and principles. — grammatist, n.
arrangement of thoughts by subordination in
grammatical construction. Cf. parataxis. — hypotactic,
adj.
Rare. a word or phrase that violates the rules
of grammar. — ingrammatically, adj.
1. a declension, conjugation, etc. that provides
all the inflectional forms and serves as a model or example for all
others.
2. any model or example. — paradigmatic, paradigmatical, adj.
2. any model or example. — paradigmatic, paradigmatical, adj.
arrangement of thoughts as coordinate units in
grammatical construction. Cf. hypotaxis. — paratactic,
adj.
referring to the ability in some languages to use
function words instead of inflections, as “the hair of the dog” for “dog’s
hair.” — periphrasis, n.
a clause containing the condition in a conditional
sentence. Cf. apodosis. See also drama; wisdom and foolishness.
— protatic, adj.
a violation of conventional usage and grammar, as “I
are sixty year old.” — solecist, n. — solecistic,
solecistical, adj.
the use of a word or expression to perform two
syntactic functions, especially to apply to two or more words of which at
least one does not agree in logic, number, case, or gender, as in Pope’s
line “See Pan with flocks, with fruits Pomona crowned.” — sylleptic,
sylleptical, adj.
the practice of using a grammatical construction that
conforms with meaning rather than with strict regard for syntax, such as a
plural form of a verb following a singular subject that has a plural
meaning.
the grammatical principles by which words are used in
phrases and sentences to construct meaningful combinations. —
syntactic, syntactical, adj.
ThesaurusLegend:
Synonyms Related
Words Antonyms
| Noun | 1. |  grammar - the branch of linguistics that deals
with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)
linguistics
- the scientific study of language
descriptive
grammar - a grammar that is produced by descriptive
linguistics
prescriptive
grammar - a grammar that is produced by prescriptive
linguistics
syntax - studies
of the rules for forming admissible sentences
morphology -
studies of the rules for forming admissible words
descriptive
linguistics - a description (at a given point in time) of a
language with respect to its phonology and morphology and syntax and
semantics without value judgments
head word, head - (grammar)
the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same
grammatical role as the whole constituent
quantifier -
(grammar) a word that expresses a quantity (as `fifteen' or
`many')
grammatical
category, syntactic
category - (grammar) a category of words having the same
grammatical properties
subject -
(grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the
grammatical constituent about which something is predicated
object -
(grammar) a constituent that is acted upon; "the object of the
verb"
grammatical
constituent, constituent
- (grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger
grammatical construction
clause -
(grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not
constituting a complete sentence
article -
(grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of
reference of a noun phrase
parse - analyze
syntactically by assigning a constituent structure to (a
sentence)
agree - show
grammatical agreement; "Subjects and verbs must always agree in
English"
dynamic, active - (used of
verbs (e.g. `to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. `running' in
`running water')) expressing action rather than a state of
being
stative - ( used
of verbs (e.g. `be' or `own') and most participial adjectives)
expressing existence or a state rather than an action
active -
expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic
function of actor: "Hemingway favors active constructions"
passive -
expressing that the subject of the sentence is the patient of the
action denoted by the verb; "academics seem to favor passive
sentences"
attributive,
prenominal
- of adjectives; placed before the nouns they modify; "`red' is an
attributive adjective in `a red apple'"
predicative
- of adjectives; relating to or occurring within the predicate of a
sentence; "`red' is a predicative adjective in `the apple is
red'"
coordinating,
coordinative
- serving to connect two grammatical constituents of identical
construction; "`and' in `John and Mary' or in `John walked and Mary
rode' is a coordinating conjunction; and so is `or' in `will you go
or stay?'"
subordinating,
subordinative
- serving to connect a subordinate clause to a main clause; "`when'
in `I will come when I can' is a subordinating conjunction"
main, independent
- (of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a
complete sentence; "the main (or independent) clause in a complex
sentence has at least a subject and a verb"
dependent, subordinate
- (of a clause) unable to stand alone syntactically as a complete
sentence; "a subordinate (or dependent) clause functions as a noun
or adjective or adverb within a sentence"
descriptive
- describing the structure of a language; "descriptive
grammar"
prescriptive,
normative -
pertaining to giving directives or rules; "prescriptive grammar is
concerned with norms of or rules for correct usage"
endocentric
- fulfilling the grammatical role of one of its constituents; "when
`three blind mice' serves as a noun it is an endocentric
construction"
exocentric -
not fulfilling the same grammatical role of any of its constituents;
"when `until last Easter' serves as an adverb it is an exocentric
construction"
finite - of
verbs; relating to forms of the verb that are limited in time by a
tense and (usually) show agreement with number and person
non-finite,
infinite -
of verbs; having neither person nor number nor mood (as a participle
or gerund or infinitive); "infinite verb form"
syndetic -
connected by a conjunction
asyndetic -
lacking conjunctions
transitive -
designating a verb that requires a direct object to complete the
meaning
intransitive
- designating a verb that does not require or cannot take a direct
object
aoristic - of
or relating to the aorist tense |
grammar
noun syntax, rules of
language the basic rules of grammar
see grammatical
cases
Quotations
"When I split an infinitive, God damn it, I split it so it will stay split" [Raymond Chandler Letter to Edward Weeks]
"This is the sort of English up with which I will not put" [Winston Churchill]
"When I split an infinitive, God damn it, I split it so it will stay split" [Raymond Chandler Letter to Edward Weeks]
"This is the sort of English up with which I will not put" [Winston Churchill]
Translations
grammar [ˈgræməʳ]
A. N
B. CPD grammar school N
(Brit) → instituto m de segunda enseñanza(al
que se accede a través de pruebas selectivas)
GRAMMAR SCHOOL
En el Reino Unido, una grammar school es un centro estatal de
educación secundaria selectiva que proporciona formación especialmente
dirigida a los alumnos que vayan a continuar hasta una formación
universitaria. Normalmente no son centros mixtos y para entrar en ellos se
exige un examen escrito. Debido a la introducción en los años sesenta y
setenta de las comprehensive schools para las que no hace falta una prueba
de acceso, hoy día quedan pocas grammar schools, aunque sí que continúa el
debate sobre si la calidad de la educación en estos centros es mejor o si
sólo sirven para favorecer el elitismo en la enseñanza.
grammar
n
(= subject, book) → Grammatik
f, → Sprachlehre
f; your grammar is terrible
→ von Grammatik hast du
keine Ahnung;
his grammar is excellent → seine Grammatik ist fehlerfrei;
that is bad grammar → das ist grammat(ikal)isch falsch
(inf) = grammar
school
n grammar [ˈgrӕmə]
1 the rules for forming words and for
combining words to form sentences He's an expert
on French grammar. grammatika,
spraakleer قَواعِد اللغَه граматика
gramatika grammatik die Grammatik γραμματική gramática grammatika دستور
زبان kielioppi grammaire דּקדוּק
व्याकरण gramatika nyelvtan tata
bahasa málfræði grammatica 文法 문법 gramatika
gramatika tatabahasa grammatica grammatikk gramatyka gramática gramatică грамматика gramatika
slovnica gramatika grammatik
ไวยากรณ์ dilbilgisi, gramer 語法
граматика قواعد زبان ngữ pháp 语法
2 a description or collection of the rules
of grammar Could you lend me your Latin grammar?;
(also adjective ) a grammar book.
grammatika عِلْم
الصَّرْف учебник по граматика gramatika grammatik;
grammatik- die Grammatik,
Grammatik-... γραμματική gramática grammatika کتاب
دستور زبان kielioppikirja (de) grammaire סֵפֶר דּקדוּק
व्याकरण की पुस्तक opis gramatičkih
pravila nyelvtan tata bahasa
málfræðibók grammatica; di grammatica 文法書 문법책 gramatika gramatikas
grāmata; gramatikas- buku
tatabahasa grammatica grammatikk(bok) gramatyka gramática (de) gramatică учебник
грамматики gramatika slovnica;
slovničen gramatika grammatik
หนังสือไวยากรณ์ dilbilgisi
(kitabı) 語法書 граматика کسی زبان کے قواعد
کا ضابطہ sách ngữ pháp 语法书
3 a person's use of grammatical rules This essay is full of bad grammar. grammatika إستِعْمال قَواعِد
اللغَه граматика gramatika
sprogbrug die Grammatik γραμματική gramática õigekeelsus
گرامر oikeakielisyys (faute
de) grammaire דּקדוּק व्याकरण के
नियमों का पालन upotreba
gramatike nyelvhelyesség tata bahasa
málnotkun errore di grammatica ことばづかい 문법적
지식 gramatika pilns ar gramatiskām kļūdām
tatabahasa juist
spraakgebruik språkbruk gramatyka gramática folosirea regulilor gramaticale грамматика gramatické chyby
slovnica gramatika språk[]
นักไวยากรณ์ dilbilgisi
kullanımı 語法知識應用 граматика کسی شخص کے ذریعہ
قواعد کے اصولوں کا استعمال việc sử dụng
ngữ pháp 语法知识
adj gramˈmatical [-ˈmӕ-]
1 (negativeungrammatical) correct according
to the rules of grammar a grammatical
sentence. grammatiese صَحيح حَسْب قواعد اللغه
правилен gramaticky správný grammatisk grammatikalisch γραμματικά
σωστός gramatical grammatiline مطابق
دستور زبان kieliopillisesti
oikea grammatical נָכוֹן מִבְּחִינָה דּקדוּקִית व्याकरणिक
gramatički nyelvtanilag
helyes sesuai tata bahasa málfræðilega réttur
grammaticalmente
corretto 文法にかなった 문법에
맞는 gramatiškai taisyklingas gramatiski pareizs
betul tatabahasanya (on)grammaticaal grammatikalsk riktig gramatycznie poprawny gramatical gramatical
грамматически правильный gramaticky správny; doslovný slovničen
gramatički grammatiskt riktig ตามหลักไวยากรณ์
dilbilgisi kurallarına uygun 符合語法的 граматично
правильний قواعد کے اصولوں کے
مطابق thuộc ngữ pháp 符合语法规则的
2 of (a) grammar a
grammatical rule. grammatiese قواعِدي
граматически gramatický grammatisk grammatisch γραμματικός,
που
σχετίζεται με
τη γραμματική de gramática, gramatical grammatika-
گرامری kielioppi- grammatical דּקדוּקִי व्याकरण का
नियम gramatički nyelvtani aturan tata
bahasa málfræðilegur grammaticale, di
grammatica 文法の 문법의 gramatinis
gramatikas- tatabahasa grammaticaal grammatisk gramatyczny de
gramática gramatical
грамматический gramatický
slovničen gramatički grammatisk
เกี่ยวกับไวยากรณ์ dilbilgisel,
dilbilgisine ait 語法的 граматичний قواعد سے متعلق về
ngữ pháp 语法的
adv gramˈmatically
grammaties قواعِديا
граматически gramaticky grammatiskt
grammati(kali)sch γραμματικά gramaticalmente grammatiliselt از
لحاظ گرامری kieliopillisesti grammaticalement מִבְּחִינָה דּקדוּקִית व्याकरणिकता
gramatički nyelvtanilag menurut tatabahasa
málfræðilega grammaticalmente 文法的に
문법적으로 gramatiškai gramatiski dari segi
tatabahasanya grammaticaal zuiver grammatisk, grammatikalsk gramatycznie
gramaticalmente gramatical грамматически правильно gramaticky
slovnično gramatički grammatiskt
ตามหลักไวยากรณ์ dilbilgisi kurallarına uygun olarak 語法上 з точки зору
граматики قواعد کے لحاظ سے về mặt ngữ pháp 语法上
grammar school
1 a type of secondary school. taalskool نَوع مِن المَدارِس
الثّانويه средно училище gymnázium
gymnasieskole das Gymnasium σχολείο
δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης escuela
secundaria gümnaasium دبیرستان دولتی
oppikoulu lycée בֵּית סֵפֶר תִּיכוֹן עִיוּנִי माध्यमिक पाठशाला
gimnazija kb. gimnázium sekolah menengah
ríkisrekinn framhaldsskóli scuola
secondaria 中等学校の一種 중학교 vidurinė
(klasikinė) mokykla klasiskā
ģimnāzija sejenis sekolah
menengah middelbare
school gymnas; latinskole liceum escola
secundária классическая
средняя
школа gymnázium klasična gimnazija
gimnazija läroverk i England โรงเรียนมัธยม lise 普通中學 середня
школа ایک قسم کا ثانوی اسکول trường trung học phổ thông 普通中学，[]初级中学
2 (American) a primary school. laerskool مدرسه
ابتدائيّه основио училище základní škola
grundskole die Mittelschule δημοτικό escuela
primaria/elemental algkool
دبستان peruskoulu école
primaire בֵּית סֵפֶר
יְסוֹדִי प्राथमिक पाठशाला osnovna škola kb.
általános iskola sekolah
dasar grunnskóli scuola
elementare 初等中学校 (미) 초등학교 pradžios
mokykla pamatskola sekolah rendah basisschool grunnskole szkoła
podstawowa escola
primária şcoală
primară начальная
школа základná škola osnovna šola osnovna
škola mellanstadieskola โรงเรียนประถม ilkokul (美國)小學 початкова
школа ابتدائی اسکول truờng tiểu học ［美］小学
grammar ends in -ar (not -er ).
grammar → علم النحو والصرف gramatika grammatik Grammatik γραμματική gramática kielioppi grammaire gramatika grammatica 文法 문법 grammatica grammatikk gramatyka gramática грамматика grammatik ไวยากรณ์ gramer ngữ pháp 文法
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