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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Jacob Prout chapter 5, Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) Example Becoming scared of a dog if one was a victim of a dog attack, A Neutral Stimulus (NS) is repeatedly presented just before or while presenting (within 5 seconds) UCS before becoming A Conditioned Stimulus (CS), Skinner coined Operant Conditioning, Classical why does it work? Cognitive Perspective, Reinforcement schedules of reinforcement Ratio, biofeedback use of biological information to make the involuntary voluntary, Skinner believed all behavior can be explained as a product of learning, experimented with children watching models results children followed model's violent behavior without reinforcement, Classical why does it work? Pavlov's explanation, Cognitive Perspective Organism's conscious expectations (Rescorla) CS provides information about the coming of the UCS, Punishment is any event or stimulus that, when following a response, decreases the probability that the response will occur again, Punishment to effectively change behavior it must be paired with reinforcement of desired behavior, Partial reinforced Some, not all, of the times, Pavlov's explanation Stimulus substitution CS activates the same part of the brain as the UCS, Classical Key Elements An Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), experimented with children watching models aspects of modeling desire to perform action, Classical Key Elements A Neutral Stimulus (NS), worked with rats stuck inside of a maze suggested animals form a cognitive map of physical layout, Key Features Higher Order Conditioning A strong CS is paired with a NS causing NS to become a second CS, Punishment achieved through removal of something pleasurable