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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Fragile X, translation of the FMR gene, Fragile X syndrome (Both Brothers from Case Report) Patient history of Maternal aunt with mental retardation, hypermethylation of the CGG repeat and promotor region prevents binding of transcription factors, chromatin condensation prevents translation, Southern Blotting identifying Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, Borderline mental retardation in younger sister believed to be due to inherited X chromosome from maternal lineage (low penetrance), Fragile X syndrome (Both Brothers from Case Report) Patient history of Square face with prominent ears and large forehead, CGG triplicate repeats 200 or more repeats causes hypermethylation of the CGG repeat and promotor region, FMR gene encompasses 38 kb on X chromosome at fragile site and comprises 17 exons, CGG triplicate repeats of the FMR gene, Fragile X syndrome (Both Brothers from Case Report) transmitted by X-linked inheritance, CGG triplicate repeats identified clinically by Southern Blotting, Fragile X syndrome (Both Brothers from Case Report) Patient history of Hyperactivity, hypermethylation of the CGG repeat and promotor region induces chromatin condensation, earlier sympton onset known as Genetic Anticipation, In subsequent generations causing earlier sympton onset, Fragile X syndrome (Both Brothers from Case Report) Patient history of Borderline mental retardation in younger sister, binding of transcription factors prevents translation, CGG triplicate repeats accumulate In subsequent generations, Fragile X syndrome (Both Brothers from Case Report) caused by CGG triplicate repeats