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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Mildred, Mildred Johannsen has symptoms of red and irritated nasal mucosa, Persistent nasal congestion treated as severe symptoms using either bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal drug, Bacterial sinusitis (sinus infection) has symptoms of Purulent nasal discharge, prevents DNA synthesis leading to inability of bacteria to reproduce, binding to Fc region of antibodies, preventing opsonization preventing phagocytosis, bacterial dihydrofolate reductase causing decreased amount of tetrahydrofolic acid, difficult to diagnose due to diagnostic culture limits, bacteriostatic/bacteriocidal drug including amoxicillin (initially), Streptococcus pneumoniae secretes Pneumolysin, apically located ostia relies on mucocilliary cells, Mildred Johannsen has symptoms of Persistent nasal congestion, cytokine production including IL1, IL6, TNF alpha, inflammation of the airway tissues leads to sinus ostia blockage, analogue of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase, Mildred Johannsen complains of worsening head cold for two weeks, Mildred Johannsen is a 38 y/o African American female, Common Viral Upper Respiratory Pathogens such as Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza virus, Coronavirus, relatively low pressure in sinus allowing for aspiration of nasal mucus, Viral URI leads to inflammation of the airway tissues, sinus ostia blockage in the maxillary sinus