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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: GI Infections- Parasitic.cmap, Parasitic Helmenths- big worms Pinworms Enterobius -eggs on anus- scotch tape test fecall-oral -itchy butt, irritability -granulomas in appendix, female GU organs, Trematodes- flukes Liver Flukes Clonorchis/Opisthorchis -snail and fish phase -eat infected fish -smaller worms, travel in biliary tree -obstructive cholangitis -fever, shock -no eosinophilia -pancreatitis, cholestiocarcoma -Recurrent Pyogenic Cholestais (recurrent fever, chills, abd pain, jaundice) -need to surgically draing abcesses, Geohelminths-feces land on ground and eggs must develop for some time Fecal-oral Roundworms Whipworm Trichuris -prolapsed rectum -adults in ceum -simple fecal-oral life cycle -dysentery, colitis, Geohelminths-feces land on ground and eggs must develop for some time Fecal-oral Roundworms Acaris -injest egg, travels to intestine, to lung, to intestinge -Loeffler's syndrome (asthma like) -like to migrate -mass obstruction in intestines, Parasitic Protozoans- little bugs Cryptosporidium -fecal-oral -self llimiting diarrhea in immunocompetant -profuse, water diarrhea in AIDS -cramps, villus blundint Osmotic diarrhea -oocytes in feces -gets in water supply, resistant to chlorine treatments, Parasitic Protozoans- little bugs Giardia -cysts infect -trophozoite replicates in small intestine -has adhesive disk -fecal-oral -asymptomatic -acute/chronic diarrhea -cramps, belching, nausea -sudden explosive diarrhea with greasy, foul smelling stool -usually clears -sometimes chronic -epithelila damage (villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, inflammtion) -malabsorbiption of glucose, sodium, water, secretes Cl- -enzyme deficiency -patchy loci of inflammation -stool sample Dx, Geohelminths-feces land on ground and eggs must develop for some time Fecal-oral Hookworms Necatur Ancylostoma -teeth or plate to hook into intestine -penetrate through skin (filaria live on gorund) -intestine/lung infection -Loefler's Larval migration -eosinophiia -eat blood -Iron deficiency -hypoabluminemia -stunting in children -fetal effects, Parasitic Helmenths- big worms Tapeworms Taenia solis(pork)/saginatum (beef) -humans definitve host -long, flat -eggs in human feces, go into pig/cow and oncospheres form in their muscle Humanes eat onchosphere if not cooked -can pass proglottids in feces -Human cysticerosis- humans eat solis eggs and become intermed. host -abd complaints, muscle subcutaneous tissue, brain (neurocysticerosis- leads to seizures when larva die), Trematodes- flukes Liver Flukes Fasciola hepatica -human/cattle/sheep -need snail stage -ingest from water plant -big worms, head toward biliary tree -Febrile Fascioltic Eosinophilia (Hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, fever) -Biliary obstruction -too big to fit through biliary tree- travels in tissue next to it -abcesses, Trematodes- flukes Blood Flukes (Schistosomes) -need to go through snail stage, enter through skin in water S. japonium- favors SMA S. mansoni- favors IMA S. haematobium- favors peliv veins -pruitis, Katayama fever (allergy) in travelers -fever, diarrhea, wheezing, cough, can be fatal -some eggs get into tissues -> granuloma Con cause portal hypertension from periportal fibosis -granuloma in intestine leads to intestinal disease and polyps S. haemotobium- bladder fibrosis, polyps, renal fialure, bladder cancer -Ecotpic egg deposition (lungs, CNS, skin), Gastrointestinal Infections types Parasitic, Parasitic Protozoans- little bugs Microsporida (actually a fungus) -obligate intracellular -get in fish -small spore, thick wall -polar filaments -chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised fecal-oral, Gastrointestinal Infections types Bacterial, Gastrointestinal Infections types Viral, Geohelminths-feces land on ground and eggs must develop for some time Fecal-oral Roundworms Strongyloides -tropics -several life cycles -larvae enter through skin -larva in stool- can autoinfect -larva currens -pulm symptoms -with or w/out eosinophilia -abd symptoms -malabsorption -dissemination, hyperinfection, Parasitic Helmenths- big worms Hydatid Disease Echinococcus-dog tapeworm -incidental intermediate -can collect in tissues -rupture leads to allegy, secondary cystion formation infection -cysts have many larva, Parasitic Protozoans- little bugs Entameba histolytica -fecal-oral -pass cyst in feces NONINVASIVE -diarrhea, abd cramps INVASIVE -ulcer, dysentery, peritonitis -necrosis of mucosa ->perforation abscesses (ameboma)-eosinophils absent -go to liver, brain (fistulas) -pulmnary, cutaneous amebiasis ulcers with necrosis- trophozoites located in boundary Dx -stool exam, sigmoidoscopy Dystentery, RUQ pain, hepatomegaly Drain abcesses, Large intestine, Parasitic Helmenths- big worms Geohelminths-feces land on ground and eggs must develop for some time Fecal-oral, Parasitic Helmenths- big worms Trematodes- flukes